How does flow rate affect thermal efficiency in the operating conditions of a shell and tube heat exchanger?

When the flow rate exceeds a certain threshold, the residence time of the fluid in the heat exchanger is shortened, resulting in insufficient heat exchange.

Why does catalyst deactivation easily occur in formaldehyde production equipment under low load operation?

The catalyst in formaldehyde production equipment is prone to deactivation under low-load operation because the reaction conditions deviate from the optimal window, triggering a series of chain reactions including side reactions, coking, corrosion, poison

How do shell and tube heat exchangers achieve reliable and long-lasting heat exchange with various fluid media?

In industrial production and energy system operation, heat exchange is a core component for energy transfer, temperature control, and process stability.

How to quantify the impact of dynamic changes in thermal resistance of shell and tube heat exchangers on heat transfer performance?

The dynamic changes of fouling thermal resistance are mainly driven by factors such as fluid properties, flow rate, temperature and operating time.

How do dissolving and stirring tanks optimize the synchronization of stratified dissolution of solid materials in solvents?

In numerous industrial fields, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and new materials, dissolving and stirring tanks are critical equipment for uniformly dispersing and fully dissolving solid materials in solvents.

How can shell-and-tube heat exchangers achieve efficient heat transfer under high heat loads and large temperature gradients while avoiding thermal stress cracking in the tube bundle?

At the heart of industrial processes, shell-and-tube heat exchangers often undertake heat transfer tasks under extreme operating conditions.